impl(v3): update cmake-oldest-deps build

[scotthart]

This leverages vcpkg and is thus constrained by which versions of dependencies are available.

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This change is 

[gemini-code-assist]

Summary of Changes

Hello @scotthart, I'm Gemini Code Assist¹! I'm currently reviewing this pull request and will post my feedback shortly. In the meantime, here's a summary to help you and other reviewers quickly get up to speed!

This pull request modernizes the cmake-oldest-deps build by migrating its CI environment to Ubuntu 22.04 and updating a wide array of C++ library dependencies to their latest compatible versions via vcpkg. These changes aim to ensure the build remains current with upstream libraries and operating system versions, while also introducing flexibility to manage specific emulator tests.

Highlights

• Dependency Version Updates: Significant updates to core C++ library dependencies like gRPC, Protobuf, OpenTelemetry-CPP, and GTest within the vcpkg.json configuration, along with the addition of utf8-range and re2.
• Ubuntu 22.04 Migration: The cmake-oldest-deps build environment has been upgraded from Ubuntu Focal to Ubuntu 22.04, including the addition of a new Dockerfile for the new distribution.
• Spanner Emulator Test Skipping: The CI script now supports conditionally skipping Spanner emulator tests, which is currently enabled for the cmake-oldest-deps build.

Changelog

• ci/cloudbuild/builds/cmake-oldest-deps.sh
  • Added a comment and argument to skip Spanner emulator tests.
• ci/cloudbuild/builds/lib/integration.sh
  • Modified integration::ctest_with_emulators to accept and process arguments for skipping specific emulator tests.
  • Wrapped Spanner emulator test execution in a conditional check based on skip arguments.
• ci/cloudbuild/dockerfiles/ubuntu-22.04.Dockerfile
  • Introduced a new Dockerfile for Ubuntu 22.04, configuring essential build tools, Python, Java, Cloud SDK, and Bazelisk.
• ci/cloudbuild/triggers/cmake-oldest-deps-ci.yaml
  • Updated the build trigger to use ubuntu-22.04 as the distribution.
• ci/cloudbuild/triggers/cmake-oldest-deps-pr.yaml
  • Updated the build trigger to use ubuntu-22.04 as the distribution.
• ci/etc/oldest-deps/vcpkg.json
  • Updated the project version to 3.0.0.
  • Removed crc32c dependency.
  • Updated grpc to 1.71.0 (from 1.33.1/1.36.4).
  • Updated protobuf to 5.29.5 (from 3.15.8).
  • Updated opentelemetry-cpp to 1.22.0 (from 1.20.0).
  • Updated gtest to 1.17.0 (from 1.11.0/1.12.0).
  • Added utf8-range and re2 dependencies and overrides.
  • Added benchmark override to 1.9.4.

Activity

• The pull request description indicates that the changes are related to leveraging vcpkg for dependency management, acknowledging constraints imposed by available dependency versions.

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[gemini-code-assist]

Code Review

This pull request updates the cmake-oldest-deps build to use ubuntu-22.04 and newer versions of dependencies via vcpkg. The changes also include a temporary workaround to skip Spanner integration tests. My review focuses on improving the robustness of the shell scripts and fixing issues in the new Dockerfile. I've identified a critical issue in the Dockerfile that would prevent the build from succeeding due to an undefined variable, along with a few medium-severity issues related to package installation and script correctness.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

✅ All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests.
✅ Project coverage is 92.62%. Comparing base (54b6476) to head (6c7f4f7).

Additional details and impacted files

@@                 Coverage Diff                 @@
##           prepare-for-v3.0.0   #15948   +/-   ##
===================================================
  Coverage               92.61%   92.62%           
===================================================
  Files                    2332     2332           
  Lines                  213322   213322           
===================================================
+ Hits                   197573   197587   +14     
+ Misses                  15749    15735   -14     

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